Game C/C++ cho newbie - 02. Hello Game

<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://www.vietgamedev.net/blog/80/game-c-c-cho-newbie/" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: blue;"><img alt="" src="http://www.vietgamedev.net/file/attachment/2012/04/f6ec71020a82876ec88f484d2c7cce01_view.png" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 650px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></span></a></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Trong phần này, ta sẽ bắt đầu code game.</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><h1 style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Chuẩn bị</span></span></h1> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: blue;">Bạn cần cài đặt một số tool cần thiết sau:</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 2px 0px 2px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://vietgamedev.net/core/redirect/url_eNotykEKgCAQBdC7tNexIAg7TajRQDWDf8yO36a3fojLHIfDTCNR791fnKpAdvNJLnoYbTthLbNQuV0DaZXckoGmMAZXMhvLjX-6pOrKq7VcMMP6AS1YIf8,/" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: blue;">Visual studio express 2010</span></a></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://vietgamedev.net/core/redirect/url_eNortjKytFLKKCkpsNLXz8svSS1ITNEtyCktBhN6-UXp-krWXDDrxwyc/" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: blue;">Notepad ++</span></a></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://vietgamedev.net/core/redirect/url_eNortjIxtFLKKCkpsNLXLy8v1yuoLMnIz9PLL0rXT08tySzRL0rNSU0sTi3WN9Iz11eyBlwwpSwQkw,,/" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: blue;">Python 2.7</span></a></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://vietgamedev.net/core/redirect/url_eNodxMENwCAIXDDAXRxcMH4-6DQESWyrYpSUjt-k97hNOVOq7pMQIwJssTQFsY6uUod62Lrx4of_tmKxGM24bDxH0Req95aOD-HHGxw,/" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: blue;">Java SDK 1.6</span></a></li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><h1 style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Cài đặt "Hello game"</span></span></h1> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Như đã trình bài trong bài trước, game là một vòng lập vô tận. Do đó, với chương trình như nhau, ta cũng có thể tạm gọi là một game (nhưng chưa có tương tác)<br /></span></span><ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 2px 0px 2px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bước một</strong>, dùng visual studio, tạo một <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Empty project</strong>, tên gametutor:</span></span></li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://vietgamedev.net/core/redirect/url_eNodyFEKgCAMXDDQu3RcMGc_EUZ0Fq25RubEDbp-1Pt8GuYpDKdZ01wwoGyojkSooNvl_gM06cUGFG_M0is-iRFOLEW-gszd-9G1Sls063hwx9109cPyAk3kXCIY/" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: blue;"><img alt="" border="0" height="259" src="https://sites.google.com/site/sbskit/gamefornewbie/hellogame/fir001.png?height=259&width=400" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 650px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="400" /></span></a></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 2px 0px 2px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bước 2</strong>, tạo file main.cpp,</span></span></li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://vietgamedev.net/core/redirect/url_eNolyEEKgCAQXDDAv_hcMLcuEUZ07BZ9QW1TSdtwF_p-VLdh2PSdUVHkYgPASZB1IAoZtafyBbDjIwkEW3CneuLtEkLEnOmtX61el3myXCIVt1TRC4-NGh5RRVwiKw,,/" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: blue;"><img alt="" border="0" height="289" src="https://sites.google.com/site/sbskit/gamefornewbie/hellogame/hello1.PNG?height=289&width=320" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 650px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="320" /></span></a></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Add một item mới</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://vietgamedev.net/core/redirect/url_eNolyEEKgCAQXDDAv_hcMDc6RBjRsVv0BbVNJW3DXej7Ud2GYdN3RkWRiw1cMFwnQdaBKGTUnsoXwI6PJBBswZ3qibdLCBFzprd-tXpd5smKVNxSRS88Nmp4XDBRW1wiLA,,/" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: blue;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://sites.google.com/site/sbskit/gamefornewbie/hellogame/hello2.PNG" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 650px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></span></a></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Tạo main.cpp từ template</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">với nội dung:</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div class="syntaxhighlighter cpp" id="highlighter_209612" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em !important; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px !important; overflow: auto !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 690px;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 690px;"><tbody style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> <tr style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="gutter" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">1</span></span></div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">2</span></span></div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">3</span></span></div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">4</span></span></div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">5</span></span></div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">6</span></span></div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">7</span></span></div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">8</span></span></div> </td><td class="code" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 662px;"><div class="container" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <code class="cpp preprocessor" style="background-color: white; background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><span style="color: blue;">#include "stdio.h"</span></code></div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">main()</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <code class="cpp plain" style="background-color: white; background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><span style="color: blue;">{</span></code></div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp spaces" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">    </code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">while</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">true</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">)</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp spaces" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">    </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">{</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp spaces" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">        </code><code class="cpp functions bold" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">printf</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(</code><code class="cpp string" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"Hello Game\n"</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">);</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp spaces" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">    </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <code class="cpp plain" style="background-color: white; background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><span style="color: blue;">}</span></code></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><h1 style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Frame delay </span></span></h1> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br />Đây được xem là bước cải tiến đầu tiên của "game" trên. Như bạn thấy, dòng hello game xuất hiện một cách liên tục thông qua vòng lập. Mỗi vòng lặp như vậy, được gọi là một "frame".</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Trong thực tế, mắt người chỉ cần <a href="http://vietgamedev.net/core/redirect/url_eNortjK2tFLKKCkpsNLXT83TK8_MzixITclM1MsvStcH8fTdihJzU-OLEktSlawBfc4QYQ,,/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">24 frame/s</a> là đủ để cảm nhận hiệu ứng "mượt mà". Do đó để tránh lãng phí CPU, cũng như nhường CPU cho các task khác, ta tạo ra khoảng delay giữa các frame. Khoảng thời gian này là bao nhiêu, sẽ được giải thích rõ hơn trong các phần sau. Hiện tai, ta thử cho khoảng thời gian cố định là nghĩ 80 ms.</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><div class="syntaxhighlighter cpp" id="highlighter_422719" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em !important; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px !important; overflow: auto !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 690px;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 690px;"><tbody style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> <tr style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="gutter" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">1</span></span></div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">2</span></span></div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">3</span></span></div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">4</span></span></div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">5</span></span></div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">6</span></span></div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">7</span></span></div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">8</span></span></div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">9</span></span></div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">10</span></span></div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">11</span></span></div> </td><td class="code" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 655px;"><div class="container" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <code class="cpp preprocessor" style="background-color: white; background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><span style="color: blue;">#include "stdio.h"</span></code></div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <code class="cpp preprocessor" style="background-color: white; background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><span style="color: blue;">#include "windows.h"</span></code></div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">main()</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <code class="cpp plain" style="background-color: white; background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><span style="color: blue;">{</span></code></div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp spaces" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">    </code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">while</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">true</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">)</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp spaces" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">    </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">{</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp spaces" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">        </code><code class="cpp functions bold" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">printf</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(</code><code class="cpp string" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"Hello Game\n"</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">);</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp spaces" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">        </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Sleep(80);</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><code class="cpp spaces" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">    </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></span></span></div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2" style="background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;"> <code class="cpp plain" style="background-color: white; background-image: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><span style="color: blue;">}</span></code></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div> </div>

Game C/C++ cho newbie - 02. Hello Game

Trong phần này, ta sẽ bắt đầu code game. Chuẩn bị Bạn cần cài đặt một số tool cần thiết sau: Visual studio express 2010 Notep...

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Game C/C++ cho Newbie - 01. Lập trình game bắt đầu từ đâu?

<h1 style="background-color: #f7f7f7; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"> <a href="http://www.vietgamedev.net/blog/80/game-c-c-cho-newbie/" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" src="http://www.vietgamedev.net/file/attachment/2012/04/d69388e3bca67308f2f8e1044258666b_view.png" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 650px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></a> </h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Game là gì?</span></span></h1> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;"><span style="color: blue;">Nhìn chung, khi chưa từng biết qua lập trình game, chúng ta thường hay đặt những câu hỏi: lập trình game là như thế nào? Có giống lập trình ứng dụng không? Có khó không? Có đòi hỏi những kỹ thuật gì đặt biệt không ? ...</span></span><br /> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br />Câu trả lời của tôi là: game cũng chỉ là một ứng dụng, và nó cũng như bao ứng dụng khác. Khi viết một ứng dụng, bạn có thể bắt đầu từ hàm main, hoặc dùng IDE sinh code tự động để hổ trợ. Game cũng vậy. Bạn cũng có thể bắt đầu viết game từ hàm main, hoặc dùng các engine hổ trợ.<br /><br />Đứng về khía cạnh lập trình, hay từ chủ quan của tôi, game đơn giản là một vòng lặp vô tận. Trong vòng lập đó, bạn vẽ, bạn xử lý các diễn biến của game, xử lý sự kiện tương tác từ người chơi. Vậy là đủ cho một game. Tuy nhiên, để làm game cho mục đích thương mại, đòi hỏi bạn nhiều hơn thế.<br /><br />Một cách nhìn khác, game là một cuốn phim có tương tác. Nếu như một bộ phim cần nhiều thứ như kịch bản tốt, dàn dựng hay, hậu kỳ, kiểm duyệt, quãng bá, ... thì game cũng vậy. Game cũng cần một nội dung hay (kịch bản), coding tốt (dàn dựng, hậu kỳ), kiểm soát chất lượng (kiểm duyệt), quãng bá... Nếu một phim thành công được đánh giá qua doanh thu, thì game cũng vậy. Tuy nhiên, khi mới bắt đầu, thì doanh thu, lợi nhuận, ... cần được gạt ra khỏi tư tưởng của mình, để có đủ tỉnh táo tập trung vào chuyên môn.</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <h1 style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Lập trình game bằng ngôn ngữ nào?</span></span></h1> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Như mọi ứng dụng khác, bạn có thể lập trình game bằng mọi ngôn ngữ. Tùy theo nhu cầu, sở trường mà bạn có thể chọn một ngôn ngữ nào đó để làm game. Tuy nhiên, hiện nay có một vài xu thế như sau:</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <ul style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; list-style: square; margin: 2px 0px 2px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Java</strong>: thường dùng để viết game cho Mobile - các dòng phone hổ trợ J2ME, hoặc viết game cho Android. Ít khi dùng để viết game cho PC</span></span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">C#</strong>: khi nhắc tới C#, ta có thể nghĩ ngay đến <a href="http://vietgamedev.net/core/redirect/url_eNortjIxslLKKCkpsNLXT83TK8_MzixITclM1MsvStcH8fR9M5OL8ovz00riI_wclawBsdQRYQ,,/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">XNA</a>, và gắn liền với thương hiệu Microsoft. Dùng viết game cho windows mobiles hoặc PC.</span></span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Javascript</strong>: dùng cho môi trường web</span></span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Objective C</strong>: Dùng cho iOS như máy MAC, iPhone, iPad.</span></span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">C/C++</strong>: với sự lâu đời cũng như được sự hưởng ứng rộng rãi từ hầu hết các chương trình đào tạo đại học, C/C++ được xem là ngôn ngữ cơ bản của mọi ngôn ngữ lập trình, và có lẽ ít nhất một lần trong đời thì mỗi programmer đều từng đụng đến nó. Do đó, C/C++ cũng là một ngôn ngữ khá được ưa chuộng trong lập trình game ngày nay, với khả năng thực thi trên khác nhiều platform: Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android, iphone/iPad, Symbian, Brew, Meegoo, ...</span></span></li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Xin lưu ý là ta không nên đánh đồng C/C++ với Visual C, hay Turbo C, hay Visual studio. VC, TC, VS là những IDE, còn C/C++ là ngôn ngữ lập trình. Ta có thể code C/C++ hoàn toàn bằng Nodepad, và dùng các trình biên dịch khác nhau để build.</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Trong nội dung bài này, tôi cũng dùng C/C++ trên môi trường Visual studio 2010 để minh họa. Các bạn có thể <a href="http://vietgamedev.net/core/redirect/url_eNotykEKgCAQBdC7tNexIAg7TajRQDWDf8yO36a3fojLHIfDTCNR791fnKpAdvNJLnoYbTthLbNQuV0DaZXckoGmMAZXMhvLjX-6pOrKq7VcMMP6AS1YIf8,/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">download bản express tại đây</a>. Không cần thiết phải crack.</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <h1 style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Lập trình game cần những kiến thức gì?</span></span></h1> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Đã là lập trình hiển nhiên cần phải biết lập trình, tư duy lập trình. Không nhất thiết bạn phải xuất sắc; biết ít, làm ít, biết nhiều, làm nhiều.</span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;" /></span></span> <ul style="border: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; list-style: square; margin: 2px 0px 2px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Một chút kiến thức kỹ năng về game. Hay nói cách khác, biết chơi game, và từng chơi game.</span></span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Biết một ngôn ngữ lập trình nào đó.</span></span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Biết một ít kiến thức về toán, vật lý (google it, nếu cần)</span></span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Một số kiến thức về đồ họa 2D, 3D.</span></span></li> </ul>

Game C/C++ cho Newbie - 01. Lập trình game bắt đầu từ đâu?

  Game là gì? Nhìn chung, khi chưa từng biết qua lập trình game, chúng ta thường hay đặt những câu hỏi: lập trình game là như thế nào? C...

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Giới thiệu về cách thức thực hiện chiến dịch quảng cáo trên ứng dụng/website di động (qua Google AdMob, InMobi…)

<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Hiện nay ở Việt Nam đã có rất nhiều tài liệu hướng dẫn việc đặt quảng cáo Adwords, tuy nhiên vẫn chưa có tài liệu nào hướng dẫn đặt quảng cáo trên mobile devices thông qua Google Admob, Inmobi… trong khi thị trường di động đang là một thị trường bùng nổ với tốc độ tăng trưởng cực nhanh, đồng nghĩa với tiềm năng to lớn của thị trường quảng cáo trên thiết bị di động (Mobile Advertising).</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Trong một báo cáo gần đây, InMobi cho biết thị trường Mobile Ad ở Việt Nam đã tăng trưởng tới 121% trong năm 2011 (<a href="http://vmapps4u.com/mobile_ads_tutorial/Hi%E1%BB%87n%20nay%20%E1%BB%9F%20Vi%E1%BB%87t%20Nam%20%C4%91%C3%A3%20c%C3%B3%20r%E1%BA%A5t%20nhi%E1%BB%81u%20t%C3%A0i%20li%E1%BB%87u%20h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng%20d%E1%BA%ABn%20vi%E1%BB%87c%20%C4%91%E1%BA%B7t%20qu%E1%BA%A3ng%20c%C3%A1o%20Adwords,%20tuy%20nhi%C3%AAn%20v%E1%BA%ABn%20ch%C6%B0a%20c%C3%B3%20t%C3%A0i%20li%E1%BB%87u%20n%C3%A0o%20h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng%20d%E1%BA%ABn%20%C4%91%E1%BA%B7t%20qu%E1%BA%A3ng%20c%C3%A1o%20tr%C3%AAn%20mobile%20devices%20th%C3%B4ng%20qua%20Google%20Admob,%20Inmobi...%20trong%20khi%20th%E1%BB%8B%20tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng%20di%20%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng%20%C4%91ang%20l%C3%A0%20m%E1%BB%99t%20th%E1%BB%8B%20tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng%20b%C3%B9ng%20n%E1%BB%95%20v%E1%BB%9Bi%20t%E1%BB%91c%20%C4%91%E1%BB%99%20t%C4%83ng%20tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20c%E1%BB%B1c%20nhanh,%20%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng%20ngh%C4%A9a%20v%E1%BB%9Bi%20ti%E1%BB%81m%20n%C4%83ng%20to%20l%E1%BB%9Bn%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20th%E1%BB%8B%20tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng%20qu%E1%BA%A3ng%20c%C3%A1o%20tr%C3%AAn%20thi%E1%BA%BFt%20b%E1%BB%8B%20di%20%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng%20(Mobile%20Advertising).%20%20%20%20Trong%20m%E1%BB%99t%20b%C3%A1o%20c%C3%A1o%20g%E1%BA%A7n%20%C4%91%C3%A2y,%20InMobi%20cho%20bi%E1%BA%BFt%20th%E1%BB%8B%20tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng%20Mobile%20Ad%20%E1%BB%9F%20Vi%E1%BB%87t%20Nam%20%C4%91%C3%A3%20t%C4%83ng%20tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20t%E1%BB%9Bi%20121%%20trong%20n%C4%83m%202011%20([url]http://www.digitalmarket.asia/2012/04/mobile-ad-market-grows-121-in-vietnam-inmobi/[/url]).%20%20VM%20Team%20xin%20gi%E1%BB%9Bi%20thi%E1%BB%87u%20m%E1%BB%99t%20b%C3%A0i%20h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng%20d%E1%BA%ABn%20c%C6%A1%20b%E1%BA%A3n%20v%E1%BB%81%20vi%E1%BB%87c%20%C4%91%E1%BA%B7t%20qu%E1%BA%A3ng%20c%C3%A1o%20tr%C3%AAn%20thi%E1%BA%BFt%20b%E1%BB%8B%20di%20%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng." style="border: 0px; color: #0085cf; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.digitalmarket.asia/2012/04/mobile-ad-market-grows-121-in-vietnam-inmobi/</a>).</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> VM Team xin giới thiệu một bài hướng dẫn cơ bản về việc đặt quảng cáo trên thiết bị di động.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lời giới thiệu</strong></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Sự phát triển mạnh mẽ của thị trường điện thoại di động tại Việt Nam đã tạo ra một thị trường đầy tiềm năng cho các hình thức quảng cáo trên thiết bị di động cho các doanh nghiệp.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Thực tế hiện nay trên thế giới, các hình thức quảng cáo này đã và đang phát triển mạnh mẽ với những cách thức phong phú, phạm vi rộng lớn và đối tượng đa dạng.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="375" src="http://vmapps4u.com/vm_articles/Mobile%20advertising%20tutorial_files/image001.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Mobile Ads" width="640" /></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Hình thức quảng cáo trên các ứng dụng di dộng đang ngày càng phổ biến vì những ưu điểm vượt trội so với cách thức quảng cáo truyền thống: tối ưu hóa ngân sách, vận hành trên hệ thống mạng đa dạng, tiếp cận đúng khách hàng mục tiêu theo nhóm ứng dụng/vùng miền, …</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Trong phạm vi bài viết này, chúng tôi chỉ xin đề cập đến hình thức quảng cáo hiển thị trên các ứng dụng cho thiết bị di động (điện thoại, máy tính bảng, …) thông qua hai nhà cung cấp phổ biến hiện nay là Admob (<a href="http://www.admob.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #0085cf; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">www.admob.com</a>) và Inmobi (<a href="http://www.inmobi.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #0085cf; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">www.inmobi.com</a>)</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Xin nhắc lại một số khái niệm thường dùng trong lĩnh vực quảng cáo qua Internet/di động:</div> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px 0px 10px 21px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CPM</strong> – viết tắt của Cost Per One Thousand Impressions , có nghĩa là một chiến dịch mà chi phí sẽ được tính thông qua 1000 lần xuất hiện của quảng cáo.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Click-Through Rate</strong> hay <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CTR</strong> : có nghĩa là tỷ lệ phần trăm lượt click vào mẫu quảng cáo trên tổng số lần quảng cáo xuất hiện.</li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px 0px 10px 21px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Campaign:</strong> Chiến dịch quảng cáo sẽ bao gồm những mẫu quảng cáo với cùng mục đích quảng cáo. Bạn có thể tạo nhiều chiến dịch cho những mục đích quảng cáo khác nhau.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ad Group:</strong> Nhóm quảng cáo là tập hợp những quảng cáo với một mục đích quảng bá và có cùng nhóm đối tượng.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ad:</strong> Quảng cáo, là những gì mà người dùng thấy trên điện thoại/thiết bị di động  để quảng bá cho sản phẩm/dịch vụ của doanh nghiệp của bạn.</li> </ul> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I. Thực hiện chiến dịch quảng cáo trên Admob</strong></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Admob</strong> – tên gọi được kết hợp từ “Advertising on Mobile” – được thành lập bởi Omar Hamoui vào năm 2006 ở San Mateo, California. Năm 2009, Google đã vượt qua Apple trong thương vụ mua lại Admob với giá 750 tỷ USD. Hiện tại, Admob là một trong những công ty cung cấp hệ thống quảng cáo trên thiết bị di động hàng đầu trên thế giới, tích hợp trên các hệ điều hành: Android, iOS, webOS, Flash Lite, Windows Phone 7 và tất cả các trình duyệt web di động chuẩn.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="98" src="http://vmapps4u.com/vm_articles/Mobile%20advertising%20tutorial_files/image002.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="AdMobLogo" width="300" /></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Để tạo một chiến dịch quảng cáo trên Admob cần thực hiện những bước sau :</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A.   </strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> Tạo một chiến dịch quảng cáo mới:</span></strong></div> <ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px 21px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tạo tài khoản và đăng nhập vào tài khoản của bạn tại <a href="https://www.admob.com/login" style="border: 0px; color: #0085cf; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">www.admob.com</a>, bạn cũng có thể sử dụng account Google để đăng nhập.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chọn tab <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Campaigns</strong> => chọn <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Create New Ad Campaign</strong> để tạo chiến dịch quảng cáo mới (xem hình minh hoạ). <img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="627" src="http://vmapps4u.com/vm_articles/Mobile%20advertising%20tutorial_files/image003.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="AdMobTut1" width="980" /></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nhập tên chiến dịch quảng cáo. Tên chiến dịch sẽ không hiện ra với người dùng. Việc đặt tên này giúp bạn dễ dàng quản lý khi bạn có nhiều chiến dịch được thực hiện thông qua AdMob.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nhập ngày bắt đầu ( bắt buộc) và ngày kết thúc (không bắt buộc) chiến dịch. Những thông tin này giúp đảm bảo quảng cáo sẽ được thực hiện trong những khoảng thời gian xác định.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nhập ngân sách quảng cáo hằng ngày (nhỏ nhất là $10). Việc này sẽ giúp bạn có thể kiểm soát chi phí quảng cáo tối đa của chiến dịch.Mỗi ngày, tất cả các quảng cáo trong tài khoản của bạn sẽ được AdMob chạy cho đến khi hết ngân sách của ngày đó. Khi hết ngân sách, các quảng cáo sẽ tạm dừng cho đến ngày hôm sau hoặc đến khi bạn tăng thêm ngân sách cho quảng cáo.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bạn có thể nhập thêm ghi chú cho chiến dịch quảng cáo (không bắt buộc). Đây là những thông tin liên quan đến chiến dịch. Những thông tin này sẽ không hiển thị với người dùng (xem hình minh hoạ). <img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="632" src="http://vmapps4u.com/vm_articles/Mobile%20advertising%20tutorial_files/image004.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="AdmobTut2" width="988" /></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nhấp<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Save and Continue</strong> để lưu lại những thông tin về chiến dịch quảng cáo. Sau đó, bạn cần <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tạo một nhóm quảng cáo.</strong></li> </ol> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">B.   </strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Tạo nhóm quảng cáo</span></strong></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Một nhóm quảng cáo là một hoặc nhiều quảng cáo với cùng một mục đích quảng cáo và có cùng nhóm đối tượng mục tiêu. Để tạo một nhóm quảng cáo:</div> <ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px 21px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nhập tên nhóm quảng cáo để dễ dàng quản lý. Tên này sẽ không hiển thị cho người dùng.</li> <li class="parent" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chọn một trong những mục tiêu cho quảng cáo:<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: disc inside; margin: 0px 0px 10px 21px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mobile Web:</strong> Người dùng sẽ chuyển đến 1 trang web định sẵn khi họ click vào quảng cáo.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Applications:</strong> Người dùng sẽ tải ứng dụng định sẵn từ Apple App Store hoặc Android Market khi họ click vào quảng cáo.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Media:</strong> Người dùng sẽ xem một đoạn video/audio trên trang của bạn hoặc iTunes store khi họ click vào quảng cáo.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Location & Utilities:</strong> Người dùng sẽ gọi cho công ty bạn, tìm công ty bạn trên bản đồ, hoặc tìm một thông tin cụ thể khi họ click vào quảng cáo.Nếu bạn chọn các chức năng Apps, Media, hoặc Location/Utilities bạn cần phải chọn những yếu tố đi kèm phù hợp. Ví dụ như hình bên dưới, cần chọn hệ điều hành cho ứng dụng mà bạn muốn người dùng tải về máy.<br style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Bạn hoàn toàn có thể tạo nhiều nhóm quảng cáo với những mục đích khác nhau trong cùng một chiến dịch quảng cáo. (xem hình minh hoạ) <img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="632" src="http://vmapps4u.com/vm_articles/Mobile%20advertising%20tutorial_files/image005.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="AdmobTut4" width="988" /></li> </ul> </li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chọn <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Continue</strong> ở cuối trang để tiếp tục.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tiến hành chọn đối tượng được quảng cáo. Sau khi chọn một loại hình cho quảng cáo, bạn cần chọn đối tượng được quảng cáo với những tiêu chí cụ thể. Tất cả những quảng cáo trong một nhóm quảng cáo sẽ có cùng một nhóm đối tượng.</li> </ol> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Các tiêu chí được lựa chọn như sau:<br style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Platform/Device:</strong> Theo hệ điều hành/loại thiết bị.<br style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Geography/Operators:</strong> Theo quốc gia/nhà cung cấp<br style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Demographic:</strong> Một số yếu tố nhân khẩu học như giới tính và nhóm tuổi. (xem hình minh hoạ) <img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="624" src="http://vmapps4u.com/vm_articles/Mobile%20advertising%20tutorial_files/image006.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="AdmobTut6" width="744" /></div> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; display: inline !important; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px 0px 10px 21px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; display: inline !important; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5. Chọn  Save and Continue và tiếp tục tạo một mẫu quảng cáo.</li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <ul style="border: 0px; display: inline !important; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px 0px 10px 21px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; display: inline !important; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">C.   </strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Tạo một mẫu quảng cáo</span></strong></li> </ul> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Mẫu quảng cáo là hình ảnh/văn bản sẽ hiển thị trên điện thoại của người dùng. Để tạo một mẫu quảng cáo:</div> <ol style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px 21px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chọn hình thức quảng cáo.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nhập tên cho mẫu quảng cáo của bạn, việc này sẽ giúp bạn quản lý dễ dàng các quảng cáo.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Nhập địa chỉ URL – địa chỉ trang web cần quảng cáo.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tải ảnh banner quảng cáo (hoặc văn bản) – những hình ảnh/ văn bản này sẽ hiện cho người dùng.</li> </ol> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Chọn <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Create Ad and Finish</strong>. (xem hình minh hoạ) <img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="600" src="http://vmapps4u.com/vm_articles/Mobile%20advertising%20tutorial_files/image007.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="AdmobTut7" width="670" /></div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Sau khi tạo xong, mẫu quảng cáo sẽ được duyệt lại bởi AdMob. Thông thường sau 1 ngày làm việc, mẫu quảng cáo sẽ được duyệt và AdMob sẽ gửi thông báo qua email cho bạn. Bạn có thể tham khảo những quy định về việc duyệt quảng cáo <a href="https://support.google.com/admob/bin/answer.py?answer=1620431" style="border: 0px; color: #0085cf; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">tại đây </a>.</div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Việc tiếp theo cần làm là chuẩn bị ngân sách cho chiến dịch quảng cáo (xem hình minh hoạ).</div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="308" src="http://vmapps4u.com/vm_articles/Mobile%20advertising%20tutorial_files/image008.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="AdmobTut8" width="955" /></div> <ul style="border: 0px; display: inline !important; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px 0px 10px 21px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; display: inline !important; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">D. Chuyển tiền vào tài khoản AdMob của bạn</span></strong></li> </ul> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Bạn cần có tài khoản Google Checkout để thực hiện việc chuyển tiền vào tài khoản AdMob.</div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Để chuyển tiền vào tài khoản:</div> <ol style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px 21px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chọn tab <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Accounts</strong>.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chọn <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Add Funds</strong>.</li> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chọn số tiền bạn muốn chuyển vào tài khoản (ít nhất là $50), nhập thông tin thẻ tín dụng và địa chỉ. Chọn <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Submit (xem hình minh hoạ)</strong>. <img alt="" class="aligncenter" src="http://vmapps4u.com/vm_articles/Mobile%20advertising%20tutorial_files/image009.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="AdmobTut8" /></li> </ol> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> AdMob sẽ xử lý yêu cầu của bạn trong từ 24 – 72 tiếng và sẽ gửi email thông báo khi bạn chuyển tiền thành công. Theo kinh nghiệm của VM team thì việc chuyển tiền qua Google Checkout có thể mất nhiều thời gian vì trang web hay bị trục trặc. Do đó, bạn cần dự trù thời gian hợp lý cho việc chuyển tiền để đảm bảo chiến dịch của bạn chạy đúng thời gian dự kiến.</div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">II.  Đặt quảng cáo qua </strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">InMobi</strong></div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="240" src="http://vmapps4u.com/vm_articles/Mobile%20advertising%20tutorial_files/image010.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="AdmobTut10" width="240" /></div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ngoài Admob thì InMobi (<a href="http://www.inmobi.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #0085cf; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.inmobi.com/</a>) cũng là một Advertising platform hoạt động mạnh ở khu vực châu Á – Thái Bình Dương, trong đó có thị trường Việt Nam.</div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> InMobi được thành lập tại Ấn Độ vào năm 2007 và cho đến nay đã mở rộng mạng lưới hoạt động lên khắp các châu lục. InMobi đã nhận được đến hơn 200 triệu USD từ các nhà đầu tư.</div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Theo kinh nghiệm của VM Team thì hỗ trợ khách hàng của InMobi nhanh chóng và tốt hơn so với AdMob, còn việc đăng quảng cáo thì cũng qua các bước tương tự như AdMob.<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </strong></div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">III. Hiệu quả</strong></div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">VM Team</strong> đã và đang sử dụng dịch vụ của AdMob và InMobi để quảng cáo cho các sản phẩm của mình và thu đưlênợc kết quả rất đáng quan tâm: chỉ với budget là 50 USD chúng tôi đã đạt được gần 5000 click lên banner của mình chỉ trong một thời gian ngắn và doanh số của chúng tôi đã tăng nhanh chóng.</div> <div style="border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Chúng tôi rất mong được chia sẻ kinh nghiệm với các bạn để thị trường quảng cáo di động tại Việt Nam ngày càng phát triển hơn. Nếu có thắc mắc gì trong quá trình sử dụng dịch vụ của AdMob và InMobi, xin vui lòng email cho chúng tôi tại địa chỉ <a href="mailto:support@vmapps4u.com" style="border: 0px; color: #0085cf; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">support@vmapps4u.com</a>, chúng tôi rất vui lòng giúp đỡ bạn theo kinh nghiệm của mình.</div> </div>

Giới thiệu về cách thức thực hiện chiến dịch quảng cáo trên ứng dụng/website di động (qua Google AdMob, InMobi…)

Hiện nay ở Việt Nam đã có rất nhiều tài liệu hướng dẫn việc đặt quảng cáo Adwords, tuy nhiên vẫn chưa có tài liệu nào hướng dẫn đặt quảng c...

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